the present study was planned to investigate the efficiency of explicit teaching and adequacy of the l2 learners' exposure to l2 input in academic contexts in iran. the case at hand was the acquisition of referential, quasi and expletive subject pronouns, as three different types of obligatory subjects in english. 96 iranian efl learners were selected from two universities in isfahan. they were...

the present study sought to investigate the acquisition of referential, quasi and expletive subject pronouns, three different types of obligatory subjects in english, by adult persian speaking l2 learners of english at different stages of l2 acquisition. a grammaticality judgment test and a translation test were designed and developed to elicit the participants' knowledge of obligatory subjects...

traditional work on pro-drop languages identified a set of parametric values ‎associated with the availability of null subjects, including the presence of null ‎expletive subjects. in the same vein, but more within the framework of minimalist ‎program, i will discuss while referential subjects may optionally be overt or covert ‎in the persian, expletives are obligatorily null. in this regard, a...

The present study sought to investigate the acquisition of referential, quasi and expletive subject pronouns, three different types of obligatory subjects in English, by adult Persian speaking L2 learners of English at different stages of L2 acquisition. A Grammaticality Judgment Test and a Translation Test were designed and developed to elicit the participants' knowledge of obligatory subjects...

The present study was planned to investigate the efficiency of explicit teaching and adequacy of the L2 learners' exposure to L2 input in academic contexts in Iran. The case at hand was the acquisition of referential, quasi and expletive subject pronouns, as three different types of obligatory subjects in English. 96 Iranian EFL learners were selected from two universities in Isfahan. They were...

A word u ∈ A+ is an expletive for a fuzzy language λ if λ(xuy) = λ(xy) for all x, y ∈ A+. A full expletive fuzzy language is a fuzzy language in which the set of expletives is A+. Here we prove that the set of full expletive fuzzy languages is a variety and the associated pseudovariety of semigroups is that of midunit semigroups. Subject Classification: 20M35, 20M07, 68Q45

In this article I propose an alternative account of expletive THERE based on the theory that formal features may move overtly at PF. Specifically, I argue that the «inadequacies» of expletive THERE alluded to in Chomsky (1993: 33) are the result of the fact that THERE is simply a collection of formal features, an «alternative» spell-out of the Case and Agreement features of a lexical NP and has...

Complement clauses in Dutch may appear in either extraposed or fronted position. An extraposed clause may cooccur with an expletive element het (it), but this element is never present if the complement clause is fronted. In this paperwe investigate howwemay account for this asymmetry in a nontransformational framework such as HPSG. In Dutch subordinate clauses, complement clauses always appear ...

In this paper, we examine two main approaches to the syntax and semantics of itclefts as in ‘It was Ohno who won’: an expletive approach where the cleft pronoun is an expletive and the cleft clause bears a direct syntactic or semantic relation to the clefted constituent, and a discontinuous constituent approach where the cleft pronoun has a semantic content and the cleft clause bears a direct s...

Why are young children's utterances short? This elicited imitation study used a new task--double imitation--to investigate the factors that contribute to children's failure to lexicalize sentence subjects. Two-year-olds heard a triad of sentences singly and attempted to imitate each; they then again heard the same triad singly and again attempted to imitate each. Comparisons between the two att...